Every Crafting Class has three unique skills. (Thanks for the comments everyone. Updated 09-08-13.)
Alchemist skills:
15 - Tricks Of the Trade - Free - Restores 20 CP. Can only be used if material condition is unfavorable.
37 - Brand Of Water- 15 CP - Increases progress. Progress doubles when recipe affinity is Water.
50 - Comfort Zone - 66 - Restores 8 CP after each step for the next 10 steps.
Armorsmith skills:
15 - Rapid Synthesis - Free - Increases progress. Progress Efficiency 250%. Success Rate: 50%
37 - Brand Of Ice - 15 CP - Increases progress. Progress doubles when recipe affinity is Ice.
50 - Piece By Piece - 15 CP - Increases remaining progress by 1/3rd. Success Rate: 90%
Blacksmith skills:
15 - Ingenuity - 32 CP Lowers recipe level to the current level for the next five steps.
37 - Brand of Fire - 15 CP Increases progress. Progress doubles when recipe affinity is Fire.
50 - Ingenuity II - 24 CP Lowers recipe level to three below current level for the next five steps.
Carpentry skills:
15 - Rumination - Free - Removes inner quiet effect and restores CP proportional to the number of times control was increased.
37 - Brand Of Wind - 15 CP - Increases progress. Progress doubles when recipe affinity is Wind.
50 - Byregot's Blessing - 24 CP - Increases Quality. Efficiency: 100% plus 20% for each bonus to control granted by Inner Quiet. Success Rate:70%
Chef skills:
15 - Hasty Touch - Free - Increases Quality. Efficiency: 100% - Success Rate: 50%
37 - Steady Hand II - 26 CP - Improves action success rate by 30% for the next 5 steps.
50 - Reclaim - 55 CP - Increases the chance materials will not be lost after botched synthesis to 90%
Goldsmith skills:
15 - Manipulation 88 CP - Restores 10 points of Durability after each step for the next three steps.
37 - Flawless Synthesis 15 CP - Increases progress by 40. Success rate 90%.
50 - Innovation 18 CP - Increases control by 50% for the next five steps.
Leatherworking skills:
15 - Waste Not - 56 CP - Reduces loss of durability by 50% for the next four steps.
37 - Brand Of Earth - 15 CP - Increases progress. Progress doubles when recipe affinity is Earth.
40 - Waste Not II - 98 CP - Reduces loss of durability by 50% for the next eight steps.
Weaver skills:
15 - Careful Synthesis - Free - Increases progress. Efficiency: 80% - Success Rate: 100%
37 - Brand Of Lightning - 15 CP - Increases progress. Progress doubles when recipe affinity is Lightning.
50 - Careful Synthesis II - Free - Increases progress. Efficiency: 120% - Success Rate: 100%
I wanted to take a look at which skills might be worth leveling up to at least 15. I grabbed this info from ffxivguild.com and reformatted it for comparison. I only listed the success rates here when it seemed significant.
Looks to me like Goldsmith's Manipulation would be very handy. I will also be picking up Armorer's Rapid Synthesis right away.I know from experience that Weaver's Careful Synthesis is very useful.
Much more to learn.
EDIT:
Thanks to the posts below I've edited the entire list.
*I've verified everything in-game except for Armorer and Blacksmithing.
Edited, Sep 8th 2013 7:09am by Gnu